Add Scanner AV Streaming on VM in Unraid
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Scanner-AV-Streaming-on-VM-in-Unraid.md
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Scanner-AV-Streaming-on-VM-in-Unraid.md
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This article will go through my setup for hosting a scanner A/V stream from an Ubuntu Server VM.
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#Stack
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* UnRAID 6.12 running on an old Alienware desktop
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* Ubuntu 20.04.6 LTS Virtual Machine
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* ALSA
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* ffmpeg
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* mediamtx
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* Radioshack Pro-651 (any scanner with headphone-out should work)
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* Logitech C90 webcam
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#Guide
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##Assign devices to VM
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(This is only necessary if your sound card is PCI-connected)
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1. In UnRAID go to Tools -> System Devices
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2. Check the box(ex) for the IOMMU group(s) for your audio card
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3. Reboot the server
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##Set up the VM
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1. Download Ubuntu Server ISO to UnRAID server
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2. Create an Ubuntu VM in UnRAID
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* Pass through a few CPU cores, at least to start with, this will make installation faster
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* Choose 2048-4096MB min ram, at least. Again can be scaled back after installation
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* 10GB vdisk should be enough, 20GB is what I used.
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* Leave graphic card as is, you'll need VNC to complete the initial installation
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* Assign the sound card to the VM
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* Assign the USB webcam to the VM
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3. Start up the VM and proceed through installation of Ubuntu Server
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4. (Optional) Shutdown the VM and adjust the specs back to minimal (1G RAM, 1-2CPU cores)
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##Set up the Software Stack
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1. Run these commands
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```
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sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
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sudo apt install ffmpeg
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wget https://github.com/bluenviron/mediamtx/releases/download/v1.8.4/mediamtx_v1.8.4_linux_amd64.tar.gz
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tar -xvf mediamtx_v1.8.4_linux_amd64.tar.gz
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sudo mv mediamtx /usr/local/bin/
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```
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2. Edit mediamtx.yml and remove the `paths:` at the end, replacing with:
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```
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paths:
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scanner:
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source: publisher
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runOnInit: ffmpeg -f v4l2 -i /dev/video0 -f alsa -i hw:0 -c:v libx264 -preset veryfast -tune zerolatency -pix_fmt yuv420p -f rtsp rtsp://localhost:8554/scanner
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```
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### Paths Section:
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- **paths**: This section contains the definitions for different streaming paths.
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- **scanner**: This is the name of the path. You can name it whatever makes sense for your use case, such as `scanner`, `camera`, or `stream`.
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### Path Configuration:
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- **source: publisher**: This specifies that the stream for this path will be published by an external source. In this case, the source is the FFmpeg command specified in `runOnInit`.
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- **runOnInit**: This directive tells MediaMTX to run the specified command when the server starts. The command provided here will initialize the stream.
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### FFmpeg Command Explanation:
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- **ffmpeg**: This is the command-line tool used to handle multimedia data.
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- **-f v4l2 -i /dev/video0**: This tells FFmpeg to use the Video4Linux2 (v4l2) input format to capture video from the device `/dev/video0`, which is your USB webcam.
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- **-f alsa -i hw:0**: This specifies the ALSA input format to capture audio from the device `hw:0`.
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- **-c:v libx264**: This sets the video codec to H.264 using the `libx264` encoder.
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- **-preset veryfast**: This option sets the encoding preset to `veryfast`, balancing compression efficiency and encoding speed.
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- **-tune zerolatency**: This tuning option minimizes latency, which is crucial for real-time streaming.
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- **-pix_fmt yuv420p**: This sets the pixel format to `yuv420p`, which is widely compatible with most players and devices.
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- **-f rtsp rtsp://localhost:8554/scanner**: This sets the output format to RTSP and specifies the RTSP URL where the stream will be available, in this case, `rtsp://localhost:8554/scanner`.
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This configuration sets up MediaMTX to serve RTSP and HLS streams, with the `scanner` path specifically set up to capture and stream video and audio using FFmpeg.
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